NWP Content By Tag

Content that has been tagged Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)
Title Description Subject
CIFOR News CIFOR News This issue of CIFOR news contains an article on the NWP presentation at a CIFOR-sponsored workshop in Ouagadougou in February 2004. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'Gender', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Common Property Resources in India and West Africa Common Property Resources in India and West Africa This article examines the relation between poor women and men and common property resources. It locates poor people's use of common property resources within a wider focus on sustainable livelihoods, which argues that development initiatives need to build on people's assets and strengths, and identifies common property resources as a crucial element of poor people's coping and adaptive strategies. The article considers evidence from India and West Africa with a particular focus on poverty reduction, equity, gender and management issues. Development agencies and governments which have re-focused their attention on poverty in recent years will find that common property resources provide an entry point to understanding poor people's perceptions of poverty and for building on their capacities. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'EN', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Community-Based Ocellated Turkey (Meleagris ocellata) Sport Hunting in the Petén, Guatemala Community-Based Ocellated Turkey (Meleagris ocellata) Sport Hunting in the Petén, Guatemala Case study of a community-based payment for ecosystem (PES)/trophy hunting scheme for conservation in Guatemala. This case study reviews the establishment of an ocellated turkey hunting enterprise in the Petén of Guatemala that was designed to generate profits to support local livelihoods and, thus, to motivate local communities to sustainably manage the forest and its wildlife resources. This paper was updated in the journal of Forest Ecology and Management in 2012, also in the portal library. ('CBNRM For Review', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'TransLinks', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Nature', 'Biodiversity', 'Case Studies', 'Case & Country Studies', 'Community-based Wildlife Management', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Conference Agenda-Value Chain Dynamics for Natural Products (Cebu, 2008) Conference Agenda-Value Chain Dynamics for Natural Products (Cebu, 2008) Agenda for a 2 day workshop on Value Chain Dynamics for Natural Products in the Furniture, Gifts & Home Decor and Fashion Accessories Industries ('Value Chain', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Nature', 'Natural Products Enterprise', 'Biodiversity', 'EnterpriseWorks/VITA-Relief International (EWV-RI)', 'TransLinks', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Conservation of Sulawesis Endangered Mascot - the Maleo - through Conservation Incentive Agreements Conservation of Sulawesis Endangered Mascot - the Maleo - through Conservation Incentive Agreements the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) established the Maleo Conservation Project in northern Sulawesi in 2001. Initially, the project focused on the protection of the nesting grounds, recruiting local rangers and maleo hunters as nest guardians. Similar approaches have been used for marine turtles (Ferraro 2007) and breeding waterbirds (Clements et al. 2007; Clements et al. 2009). Recruitment of hunters as nest protectors does, however, rely on being able to make annual payments, which is unsustainable given the nature of conservation funding. Consequently in 2007, WCS began to explore a new model, whereby the nesting sites and surrounding land was purchased by an Indonesian partner and managed in a sustainable manner in order to protect the birds and to generate revenue to pay for management costs. Locally managed privately-owned protected areas are commonplace in developed nations, but have rarely been attempted in Southeast Asia. The model has proved highly popular with local people because it ensures livelihoods in addition to protecting the maleo ('Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'TransLinks', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Nature', 'Case Studies', 'Community-based Wildlife Management', 'PES Biodiversity', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Decentralisation and forest management in LA Decentralisation and forest management in LA The particular characteristics of natural resources make the decentralisation of their management to elected local governments even more complex than the decentralisation of services and infrastructure. Nevertheless, natural resources are equallyimportant to rural development concerns in the Third World. Numerous countries have begun to implement policies for some form of decentralisation involving natural resources and the environment, and many local governments are already making decisions that affect the future of local resources. This article reviews experiences with decentralisation of forest management in Bolivia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. Based on those experiences, it proposes a working model for more effective decentralisation strategies. The model addresses the legal structure for decentralised forest management and relevant variables that define the local decision-making sphere, as well as key mediating factors that also affect outcomes. Most of these variables, even in the local sphere, offer important sites for policy and aid intervention.&nbsp ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'EN', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Democratic decentralization in forestry Democratic decentralization in forestry Many governments in Africa, Asia and Latin America claim to be decentralising natural resource management to local actors. Though in many cases these processes are still quite new, it is precisely the moment to begin to analyse these experiences, assess the ways in which they are unfolding and identify promising trends as well as problematic developments that should be adjusted for the future. This paper synthesises the results of selected research on forest sector decentralisations from about 20 Third World countries. It extracts a set of lessons learned that identify common patterns as well as key factors in success and failure, by focusing on the structure, actors and institutions that play a role in forest governance. To what extent do current experiments strengthen democratic processes by granting local actors, particularly representative and accountable local entities, greater decision-making power in forest management? The studies demonstrate that democratic decentralisation is rarely implemented: substantial decision-making power, resources and benefits from forests are still centralised, and the local actors selected to receive new authority are often neither representative nor accountable. The results of current policies are sometimes harmful to poor local people. The paper highlights the importance of meaningful national dialogue and the empowerment of civil society and of marginal actors in particular. It argues that forestry decentralisations should begin by working with local people, building on the institutions that they have already built, and that representative and accountable local governments may be the most appropriate interlocutors for this process. ('Decentralization', 'COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'FRAME', 'Nature', 'Lessons Learned', 'Community-based Forest Management (CBFM)', 'Biodiversity', 'Civil Society', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Developing Alternative Frameworks for Community-based Conservation: Piloting Payments for Environmental Services (PES) in Tanzania's Simanjiro Plains Developing Alternative Frameworks for Community-based Conservation: Piloting Payments for Environmental Services (PES) in Tanzania's Simanjiro Plains Case study on piloting payments for environmental services (PES) in the Simanjiro Plains, Tanzania - The Simanjiro plains provide a key wet season dispersal area for wildebeest and zebra migrating from northern Tanzania’s Tarangire National Park. The plains lie within the boundaries of the lands of three villages occupied by Maasai pastoralists. Wildlife populations have declined substantially over the past two decades, largely as a result of illegal over-hunting and the spread of agricultural land uses in the area. Efforts to enlist local community support for wildlife conservation have, since the 1970s, been undermined by conflicts over land tenure and resource use. In order to address the deteriorating status of wildlife populations and their habitat on the Simanjiro plains, an alternative framework for community-based conservation was developed starting in 2005 through a payments for ecosystem services (PES) agreement. This agreement emerged from the collaboration of local communities with a diverse group of NGOs and private tourism companies,several of which have extensive and long-term experience in the area. The agreement builds on customary pastoralist land use practices to build village-level incentives for wildlife conservation.The agreement has produced an important new framework for community-based conservation in Tanzanian village lands by overcoming existing institutional impediments to community involvement in wildlife conservation through a cost-effective and administratively simple PES structure. ('CBNRM For Review', 'NWP', 'Learning Group', 'Power', 'Nature', 'Sustainable Land Management', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Community-Based Natural Resource Management', 'Biodiversity', 'Case Studies', 'Case & Country Studies', 'TransLinks', 'CBNRM', 'Community-based Wildlife Management', 'PES Biodiversity', 'NWP For Review', 'Promoting Transformations', 'Wealth')
Developing Local Capacity for Management of Natural Resource Conflicts in Africa: A Review of Key Issues, Approaches, and Outcomes This paper critically assesses key issues and approaches in community-based natural resource conflict management in light of USAID’s recent framework ‘Nature, Wealth, and Power’ (NWP). Its purpose is to provide a clearer understanding of challenges and options regarding natural resource conflicts and attempts to manage or resolve them. Africa appears to be experiencing increasing conflicts concerning land and natural resources. Although it is often noted that conflict can be a positive force for social change, our contemporary world also shows that localized conflicts can erupt into widespread violence and upheaval, resulting in human rights abuses, disrupted economies, and dislocated populations. Because land and natural resources are so close to livelihoods and identities in Africa, conflicts over their access and use demand special attention for anyone concerned with its development. ('Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'Learning Group', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Sustainable Land Management', 'Local Capacity for Management of Natural Resource', 'Nature', 'Africa', 'FRAME', 'Community-Based Natural Resource Management', 'COPA', 'CBNRM', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Conflict', 'Wealth')
Document De Travail - Analyse de la Filière Charbon de Bois en Zones USAID-Wula Nafaa—Programme Agriculture/Gestion des Ressources Naturelles: Marges et Part des Acteurs de la Filière Charbon de Bois Document De Travail - Analyse de la Filière Charbon de Bois en Zones USAID-Wula Nafaa—Programme Agriculture/Gestion des Ressources Naturelles: Marges et Part des Acteurs de la Filière Charbon de Bois L’étude dont il est question dans ce rapport se concentre sur le cas de USAID-Wula Nafaa. Elle évalue ses impacts sur la génération de profits pour, ceux qu’on désigne communément par « producteurs locaux » dans la filière charbon de bois, tout en les comparant aux acteurs de la filière et à tous les niveaux. Elle fait une analyse comparative à la fois, verticale et horizontale, des profits de chaque groupe d’acteurs et de leurs parts de marché dans la filière charbon de bois. L’Etude a été commanditée par le World Resources Institute (WRI, Washington DC). ('Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'USDA Forest Service', 'Nature', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'French', 'WULA', 'USAID', 'Power', 'NAFAA', 'Carbon', 'World Resources Institute', 'Agriculture', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Donor aid to African agriculture Donor aid to African agriculture This paper provides a long-term perspective on donor aid and African agricultural development. The starting point is 50 years ago in 1953 when a World Bank mission helped Nigeria lay the groundwork for its independence. But after fifty years of experience, most donors remain confused about how to package, coordinate and deliver aid to accelerate agricultural and rural development in Africa. The puzzles surrounding aid to agriculture in Africa are part of the broader debate on why global aid to agriculture in developing countries declined in the mid eighties followed by a further decline of aid to agriculture in Africa in the nineties. But generating additional donor funding is not enough. Some major aid reforms are needed starting with the basic question: Why have new aid modalities and multi-sectoral lending programs marginalized agriculture on a continent where 2/3 of the people depend on agriculture for their livelihoods? ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Draft Agenda, Ouagadougou NWP workshop 2005 Draft Agenda for NWP workshop in Ouagadougou, June 2005. From Nature, Wealth and Power FRAME Community. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Elephant Pepper: Establishing Conservation-Focused Business Elephant Pepper: Establishing Conservation-Focused Business This case study examines the development of a commercial product at the intersection of biodiversity conservation, economic development and improvement in the livelihoods of poor African farmers. It shows how a market-based initiative can drive positive change. ('Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'TransLinks', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Nature', 'Case Studies', 'Wildlife-Friendly Enterprise', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Engendering Eden - Volume III - Women, Gender and ICDPs in South and South-East Asia: Lessons Learnt and Experiences Shared Engendering Eden - Volume III - Women, Gender and ICDPs in South and South-East Asia: Lessons Learnt and Experiences Shared In recent years there has been an increasing emphasis placed on linking the conservation of natural resources with the development of local communities through ICDPs (Integrated Conservation and Development Projects) and CBNRM (Community Based Natural Resource Management). At the same time, pressures have increased for a more equitable development process drawing in otherwise marginalized groups such as women. However there is inexperience and a lack of knowledge concerning how to achieve this. The "Engendering" Eden research program aimed to fill some of the existing gaps on issues concerned with the relationships between women, gender and ICDPs. It aimed to understand what differences and inequities exist within communities and how these affect participation and the distribution of benefits and costs in relation to conservation and development. Lessons concerning how to address gender issues and women's exclusion have been learnt and recommendations made as to how to incorporate them into future work to achieve more equitable conservation policy and practice. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Community-Based Natural Resource Management', 'Gender', 'FRAME', 'Nature', 'Southeast Asia', 'ICDP', 'Biodiversity', 'CBNRM', 'South Asia', 'Women', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Escaping poverty and becoming poor Escaping poverty and becoming poor Three hundred and sixteen households in 20 western Kenyan villages - 19% of all households in these villages - managed successfully to escape from poverty in the last 25 years. However, another 325 households, (i.e., 19%) of all households of these villages, fell into abiding poverty in the same period. Different causes are associated with households falling into poverty and those overcoming poverty. Separate policies will be required consequently to prevent descent and to promote escape in future. Results from these 20 Kenyan villages are compared with results obtained earlier from a similar inquiry conducted in 35 villages of Rajasthan, India. Some remarkable similarities are found, but also several important differences. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Evaluation of USAID/Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Program "Wula Nafaa" Evaluation of USAID/Agriculture and Natural Resources Management Program "Wula Nafaa" Evaluation of the USAID project, Wula Nafaa, a natural resource management/agriculture project in Senegal, which was based upon the Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP) concept. The evaluation of this program, which is set to end in 2008, was commissioned in part to determine whether and how the NWP paradigm could be continued and expanded at greater scale elsewhere in Senegal. The report identifies key challenges for the remainder of the program and beyond. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Learning Group', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Community-Based Natural Resource Management', 'FRAME', 'Nature', 'Biodiversity', 'CBNRM', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Wealth')
Evaluation of Wula Nafaa - PPT Presentation This powerpoint was created and presented on April 4, 2007 by Weidemann Associates. This presentation evaluates the success of the Wula Nafaa Program and offers conclusions and recommendations. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Executive Summary - Synergies of Nature, Wealth, and Power Lessons From USAID Natural Resource Management Investments In Senegal Executive Summary - Synergies of Nature, Wealth, and Power Lessons From USAID Natural Resource Management Investments In Senegal With the completion of the Wula Nafaa project, USAID-Senegal and its partners concluded a ten-year program of integrated natural resource management with wealth creation and good governance components—a successful demonstration of the relevance and effectiveness of the NWP development paradigm. With a range of successful applications in different ecological and cultural contexts, a significant and measurable impact on income generation at the household level, and an impressive net return on development investment, the USAID Wula Nafaa program contains many valuable lessons for implementation of integrated NRM programs in Senegal as well as for improving NRM and catalyzing sustainable rural development around the globe. ('Wealth', 'Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'USDA Forest Service', 'NRM', 'Nature', 'Natural Resources Management', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'USAID', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
FDI and income inequality in LA FDI and income inequality in LA While there is evidence that FDI may have been good for development, more can be done to improve its impact on income distribution and the poor in Latin America, either through appropriate government policies in the area of education, training and infrastructure (i.e. a general development policy), or through working directly with TNCs through incentives or partnerships. Income inequality is persistently and relatively high in almost all Latin American countries. Income inequality can be determined by at least three factors: the distribution of factors of production, the demand for those factors, and the supply. Labour or human capital, i.e., the distribution of education and the returns to skill, are the factors of production that are driving income inequality. FDI may have been good for development but different countries with different policies and economic factors tend to derive different benefits and costs of FDI. In addition, not all types of workers necessarily gain from FDI to the same extent. The reasons for this include: FDI induces skill-specific technological change; it can be associated with skill-specific wage bargaining; it may locate in skill-intensive sectors; and it provides more training to skilled than unskilled workers. FDI is likely to perpetuate inequalities, which contrasts to what traditional trade and FDI theories would predict. There are areas in which both a business and development case can be made for improving the social impact of FDI, and hence where co-ordination is required to realise win-win situations. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Final performance evaluation USAID/philippines' microenterprise access to banking services Program-4 (MABS-4) : final report USAID Philippines' Microenterprise Final Eval ('NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Forest Carbon Financing for Biodiversity Conservation, Climate Change Mitigation and Improved Livelihoods: the Makira Forest Protected Area, Madagascar Forest Carbon Financing for Biodiversity Conservation, Climate Change Mitigation and Improved Livelihoods: the Makira Forest Protected Area, Madagascar Case study of the forest carbon project in Makira Forest, Madagascar. Wildlife Conservation Society, the Government of Madagascar and other partners have been working with local communities living in the Makira plateau in north-eastern Madagascar to establish a protected area which will be financed by the marketing and sale of CO2 emissions reductions credits. The funds from carbon sales, generated through the avoided deforestation of the Makira forest, will be used to finance the longterm conservation of the forests, improve community land stewardship and governance, and support sustainable livelihood practicesleading to improved household welfare. This study outlines the process and key steps that have been taken to develop this novel and innovative approach towards forest conservation and poverty reduction in one of the world’s most biologically rich and economically poor countries. ('Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'PES Carbon/REDD', 'TransLinks', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES)', 'Nature', 'Community-based Forest Management (CBFM)', 'Case Studies', 'Case & Country Studies', 'REDD+', 'PES General', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Impact of inequality in local natural resource management Impact of inequality in local natural resource management The impact of inequality on the ability of human groups to undertake successful collective action is investigated with special reference to over-exploitation of common property resources. In voluntary provision problems, on the one hand, inequality has an ambiguous impact on the feasibility of the efficient outcome even though better endowed agents contribute more to collective action. In regulated settings, on the other hand, inequality tends to reduce the acceptability of available regulatory schemes and, therefore, to make collective action more difficult. ('Property RIghts', 'NWP', 'Learning Group', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Community-Based Natural Resource Management', 'FRAME', 'Nature', 'Biodiversity', 'COPA', 'CBNRM', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Wealth')
Impacts of Payments for Ecosystem Services on Deforestation in Mexico: Preliminary Lessons for REDD Impacts of Payments for Ecosystem Services on Deforestation in Mexico: Preliminary Lessons for REDD Tenure Brief, NO. 11: September 2010 - The brief summarizes an evaluation of the environmental effectiveness of Mexico’s national Payments for Hydrological Services program, which compensates rural landowners for avoided deforestation. The evaluation found that in an early year of implementation Mexico’s program had a small to moderate but significant effect in reducing deforestation, indicating that financial compensation policies can be effective in preventing environmental degradation. The research also suggests that some slippage of deforestation may have occurred, implying that avoided deforestation is best accounted for at a regional or national level. ('TransLinks', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'PES Freshwater/PWS', 'PES Carbon/REDD', 'Nature', 'Land Tenure Center', 'Brief', 'Case Study', 'Biodiversity', 'PES Freshwater', 'Country Study', 'Case & Country Studies', 'PES General', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Brochures & Briefs', 'Learning Group')
Improving Poultry Production for Sustainability in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania Improving Poultry Production for Sustainability in the Ruaha Landscape, Tanzania Shortages in protein availability are a well-known problem in village economies, especially in Africa, and the neurological and nutritional importance of animal-source protein is increasingly being recognized. A Newcastle disease vaccination program for chickens was undertaken to increase livestock productivity and to preemptively rule out Newcastle disease so that highly-pathogenic avian influenza would be more readily detected. This intervention offered an opportunity to examine how chicken vaccination affects household economies, and to test whether increased livestock productivity could reduce illegal hunting for bushmeat. We found that vaccinations did increase chicken production and egg and meat consumption but did not reduce the frequency of bushmeat consumption at the household level and, furthermore, that bushmeat consumption was not related to food security. Our findings suggest that bushmeat likely supplements (rather than substitutes) domestic meat, and its supply is driven by hunters’ demand for cash rather than household demand for protein ('Biodiversity', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'TransLinks', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Nature', 'Case Study', 'Health', 'Case & Country Studies', 'Research Papers & Reports', 'Report', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Income diversification and household livelihood strategies Income diversification and household livelihood strategies Asset, activity and income diversification lie at the heart of livelihood strategies in rural Africa. We concentrate on core conceptual issues that bedevil the literature on rural income diversification and the policy implications of the empirical evidence presented in this special issue. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Inequality and social conflict over land in Africa Inequality and social conflict over land in Africa The paper proposes that reports of pervasive competition and conflict over land in sub-Saharan Africa belie a current image of negotiable and adaptive customary systems of landholding and land use but, instead, reveal processes of exclusion, deepening social divisions and class formation. Cases of ambiguous and indeterminate outcomes among claimants over land do occur, but the instances of intensifying conflict over land, deepening social rifts and expropriation of land beg for closer attention. More emphasis needs to be placed by analysts on who benefits and who loses from instances of 'negotiability' in access to land, an analysis that, in turn, needs to be situated in broader political economic and social changes taking place, particularly during the past thirty or so years. This requires a theoretical move away from privileging contingency,flexibility and negotiability that, willy-nilly, ends by suggesting an open field, to one that is able to identify those situations and processes (including commodification, structural adjustment, market liberalization and globalization) that limit or end negotiation and flexibility for certain social groups or categories. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Interpreting changes in African agriculture Interpreting changes in African agriculture Assessments of the performance of agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa are typically based on official production statistics at national level. Between the early 1970s and the mid-1990s these often show alarmingly poor rates of growth. But there are good reasons to doubt the statistics and their interpretation. An alternative is to examine the record from the village level upward. This paper looks at the evidence from 26 case studies of change between the mid-1970s and the mid-1980s at the district or village level. These suggest less cause for alarm than the national statistics. They confirm that access to markets is essential for agricultural development the single biggest idea in the policy reforms of the 1980s, but they also underline the importance of the detail of policy in remedying failures in product, capital and insurance markets and in public investment in technology. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature', 'FRAME', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Biodiversity', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
Legal Pluralism and Property Rights Legal Pluralism and Property Rights Conventional conceptions of property rights focus on static definitions of property rights, usually as defined in statutory law. However, in practice there is co-existence and interaction between multiple legal orders such as state, customary, religious, project and local laws, all of which provide bases for claiming property rights. Legal anthropological approaches that recognize this legal pluralism are helpful in understanding this complexity. Individuals may choose one or another of these legal frameworks as the basis for their claims on a resource, in a process referred to as “forum shopping.” Legal pluralism can create uncertainty especially in times of conflict because any individual is unlikely to have knowledge of all types of law that might be relevant, and because rival claimants can use a large repertoire to lay claim to a resource. However, at the same time the multiple legal frameworks facilitate considerable flexibility for people to maneuver in their use of natural resources. Legal pluralism also introduces a sense of dynamism in property rights, as the different legal frameworks do not exist in isolation, but influence each other, and can change over time. Unless these aspects of property rights are recognized, changes in statutory law intended to increase tenure security may instead increase uncertainty, especially for groups with less education and contacts. This paper illustrates the implications of legal pluralism for our understanding of natural resource management and policies toward resource tenure, using the example of water rights. ('COPA', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'FRAME', 'Nature', 'Water Resources', 'Biodiversity', 'Property RIghts', 'Tenure', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Conflict', 'Learning Group')
Lessons about Land Tenure, Forest Governance and REDD+ Featured Jan 10, 2012 Lessons about Land Tenure, Forest Governance and REDD+ Featured Jan 10, 2012 This volume of case studies comprises one of two main publications resulting from the Oct. 21-22, 2011 Land Tenure and Forest Carbon Management Workshop hosted by the University of Wisconsin/Madison’s Land Tenure Center (LTC), Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, and Geography Dept. Contributed by an impressive array of researchers, NGOs, and other development partners, these cases are intended to complement a set of research papers being prepared simultaneously for a forthcoming special issue of World Development. ('Synthesis Documents', 'Wealth', 'PES Carbon', 'PES Carbon/REDD', 'Feature', 'Land Tenure Center (LTC)', 'REDD+', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'NWP', 'Power', 'Nature', 'Report', 'News: USAID NRMD Featured Stories', '2012', 'Biodiversity', 'TransLinks', 'Case Studies', 'Land Tenure and Property Rights (LTPR)', 'Case & Country Studies', 'NWP For Review', 'Land Tenure and Zoning', 'Learning Group', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'Case Study')
Lessons Learned, Opportunities and Innovations in Human Wildlife Conflict Compensation and Insurance Schemes Lessons Learned, Opportunities and Innovations in Human Wildlife Conflict Compensation and Insurance Schemes This short discussion paper presents some of the lessons learned, opportunities and innovations of compensation and insurance schemes, with the hopes of assisting conservation managers with the choice of management tools appropriate to their context ('Community-based Wildlife Management', 'NWP', 'Wealth', 'Power', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power', 'TransLinks', 'Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS)', 'Nature', 'Biodiversity', 'Case Studies', 'Governance', 'NWP For Review', 'Nature, Wealth, and Power (NWP)', 'Learning Group')
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